Skip to main content
. 2026 Aug 22;15(9):1051. doi: 10.3390/antiox15091051
ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
APE1 Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1
ATF4 Activating Transcription Factor 4
ATF5 Activating Transcription Factor 5
BER Base Excision Repair pathway
C9ORF72 Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 72
CCCP Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenylhydrazone
CHOP C/EBP Homologous Protein (DDIT3)
CLPP Caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase proteolytic subunit
DMEM Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
DNA polymerase γ Mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma
eIF2α Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 alpha
ER Endoplasmic Reticulum
ETC Electron Transport Chain
FBS Fetal Bovine Serum
FOXO3A Forkhead Box O3
GFP Green Fluorescent Protein
LC3 Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
LONP1 Lon Peptidase 1 Mitochondrial
MIC10 MICOS Complex Subunit MIC10 (C1ORF151)
MIC60 MICOS Complex Subunit MIC60 (IMMT)
MICOS Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System
MQC Mitochondrial Quality Control
mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA
OGG1 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase 1
PBS Phosphate-Buffered Saline
PERK Protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
PINK1 PTEN-induced kinase 1
qPCR Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
RIPA Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay buffer
ROIs Regions of Interest
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
SDS-PAGE Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
SIRT3 Sirtuin 3
SOD1 Superoxide Dismutase 1.
TARDBP TAR DNA Binding Protein gene
TBS-T Tris-Buffered Saline with Tween 20
TDP-43 TAR DNA-binding protein 43
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
TOM20 Translocase of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 20
TRAP1 TNF Receptor Associated Protein 1
UPRER Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response
UPRmt Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response