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Genotypic characterization of the invertible element. The invertible element was amplified by PCR and digested with SnaBI. Asymmetric cutting demonstrated the phase of the invertible element in wild-type strain F11 and mutants that are phase-locked on or off (A). Strains were cultured in vitro in Luria broth (B) or transurethrally inoculated into mice, whose urine was collected at 48 h postinoculation and used for PCR (C).
