Abbreviation	Full Term
CTC/CTCs	Circulating tumor cell(s)
EV/EVs	Extracellular vesicle(s)
ECM	Extracellular matrix
PDMS	Polydimethylsiloxane
PEG	Poly(ethylene glycol)
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
GelMA	Gelatin methacryloyl
TME	Tumor microenvironment
SERS	Surface-enhanced Raman scattering
DMSO	Dimethyl sulfoxide
IC-ECIS	Integrated circuit-electric cell–substrate impedance sensing
PI	Propidium iodide
EpCAM	Epithelial cell adhesion molecule
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
MS	Mass spectrometry
NK cells	Natural killer cells
VEGF-A	Vascular endothelial growth factor A
CTIC/CTICs	Circulating tumor-initiating cell(s)
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
TACE	Transarterial chemoembolization
CAFs	Cancer-associated fibroblasts
ddPCR	Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction