| ASO | Antisense Oligonucleotide |
| ATM | Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated |
| AuNPs | Gold Nanoparticles |
| CT | Computed Tomography |
| DEF | Dose Enhancement Factor |
| DER | Dose Enhancement Ratio |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| DSB | Double-Strand Break |
| EGFR | Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor |
| EPR | Enhanced Permeability and Retention |
| Gy | Gray |
| HER-2 | Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 |
| High-Z | High Atomic Number |
| IR | Ionizing Radiation |
| LET | Linear Energy Transfer |
| Low-Z | Low Atomic Number |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| NP | Nanoparticle |
| NPs | Nanoparticles |
| PET | Positron Emission Tomography |
| PIGE | Particle-Induced Gamma-Ray Emission |
| PIXE | Particle-Induced X-ray Emission |
| PLGA | Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) |
| PT | Proton Therapy |
| RBE | Relative Biological Effectiveness |
| ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| SOBP | Spread-Out Bragg Peak |
| SSB | Single-Strand Break |
| TME | Tumor Microenvironment |