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. 2026 Aug 23;16(9):456. doi: 10.3390/bios16090456
APTEC Aptamer-Tethered Enzyme Capture
ASSURED Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment-free, and Deliverable
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
AuNP Gold Nanoparticle
CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
CDs Carbon Dots
DAMP Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DXP 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate
DXR 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase
DXS 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase
EC Enzyme Commission
EgFET Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistor
EIS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
ELONA Enzyme-Linked Oligonucleotide Assay
EMSA Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
FAM Fluorescein Amidite
FET Field-Effect Transistor
FNR Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase
FRET Förster Resonance Energy Transfer
G3P Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
GDH Glutamate dehydrogenase
GTP Guanosine Triphosphate
HDL High-density lipoprotein
HMGB1 High mobility group box 1 protein
hGDH Human Glutamate Dehydrogenase
hLDH Human Lactate Dehydrogenase
HRP2 Histidine-Rich Protein 2
IEs Infected Erythrocytes
IPP Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate
ISFET Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor
I-SELEX Inertial Microfluidic SELEX
ITC Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
kDa Kilodalton
Km Michaelis constant
LAMP Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
LDH Lactate dehydrogenase
LDL Low-density lipoprotein
LM Light microscopy
LLOD Lower Limit of Detection
LOD Limit of Detection
LSPR Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
MCH Mercaptohexanol
MEP Methylerythritol Phosphate
MRR Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry
NAD+ Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NADH Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NADP+ Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
NADPH Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
NG3 Name of an aptamer specific against PfGDH
NTB Nitro Tetrazolium Blue chloride
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
PDB Protein Data Bank
Pf Plasmodium falciparum
PfGDH Plasmodium falciparum Glutamate Dehydrogenase
PfHMGB1 Plasmodium falciparum High mobility group box 1 protein
PfHRP2 Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2
PfLDH Plasmodium falciparum Lactate Dehydrogenase
pLDH Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase
POC Point of Care
pRBC Parasitized Red Blood Cell
PvLDH Plasmodium vivax Lactate Dehydrogenase
QCM Quartz Crystal Microbalance
RBC Red Blood Cell
RCA Rolling Circle Amplification
RDTs Rapid Diagnostic Tests
REEAD Rolling Circle-Enhanced Enzyme Activity Detection
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
RT-PCR Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
SELEX Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment
SERS Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
SPR Surface Plasmon Resonance
SPP Surface Plasmon Polariton
ssDNA Single-Stranded DNA
TAAG Triacylglyceride
TLR4 Toll-Like Receptor 4
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
WHO World Health Organization