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. 2026 Aug 27;48(9):869. doi: 10.3390/cimb48090869
ATPBD3 ATP-binding domain-containing protein 3
BRAF B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase
CSE1L Chromosome segregation 1 like
CTU1 Cytosolic thiouridylase subunit 1
CTU2 Cytosolic thiouridylase subunit 2
DCN1 Defective in cullin neddylation 1
DEK DEK proto-oncogene
ELP3 Elongator complex protein 3
GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma
HIF1A Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha
IRES Internal ribosome entry site
ISG15 Interferon-stimulated gene 15
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LC-MS/MS Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
LEF1 Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MOCS2A Molybdenum cofactor synthesis protein 2A
MOCS3 Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase C-terminal domain-containing protein 3
NAE1 NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) E1 regulatory subunit
PKM2 Pyruvate kinase M2
PRDX5 Peroxiredoxin 5
PTM Post-translational modification
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SAE1 SUMO1 activating enzyme subunit 1
SARS1 Seryl-tRNA synthetase 1
SUMO Small ubiquitin-like modifier
U34 Uridine at wobble position 34 of tRNA
UBA1 Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1
UBA2 Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2
UBA3 Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 3
UBA4 Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 4
UBA5 Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 5
UBA6 Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 6
UBA7 Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 7
UBCH6/8 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes E2E 1/E2 L6
UBC9 SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 (UBE2I)
UBC12 NEDD8-conjugating enzyme UBC12 (UBE2M)
UBE2F Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 F
UBE2I Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 I
UBE2M Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 M
UBL Ubiquitin-like
UFC1 UFM1-specific E2 conjugating enzyme 1
UFM1 Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1
URM1 Ubiquitin-related modifier 1
USP15 Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15