| CAG | chronic atrophic gastritis |
| H. pylori | Helicobacter pylori |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| EMT | epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| ZO-1 | zonula occludens-1 |
| RhoA | Ras homolog family member A |
| Rac1 | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 |
| Cdc42 | cell division cycle 42 |
| ROCK | Rho-associated protein kinase |
| Abl | Abelson tyrosine kinase |
| Arp2/3 | actin-related proteins 2/3 |
| LIMK | LIM domain kinase |
| SSH | slingshot protein phosphatase |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
| CagA | cytotoxin-associated gene A |
| TRAF | TNF receptor-associated factor |
| TNFAIP3 | TNF alpha-induced protein 3 |
| ARPC2 | actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 |
| CCL3 | C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 |
| CRISPR/Cas9 | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 |