ABAD	Amyloid-binding alcohol dehydrogenase
ACSL4	Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AHEAD 3–45	Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease (clinical trial)
ANLS	Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle
APOE	Apolipoprotein E
APOE4	Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele/gene
APP	Amyloid precursor protein
ARE	Antioxidant response element
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
ATP7A/ATP7B	Copper-transporting P-type ATPases A/B
Aβ	Amyloid-beta
BACE1	Beta-site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1
CDK5	Cyclin-dependent kinase 5
CoQ10	Coenzyme Q10
CTR1	Copper transporter 1
CSF	Cerebrospinal fluid
DAM	Disease-associated microglia
DAMPs	Damage-associated molecular patterns
DHODH	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
DMT1	Divalent metal transporter 1
ELAD	‘Evaluating Liraglutide in Alzheimer’s Disease’ (clinical trial)
EVOKE/EVOKE+	Phase 3 clinical trials of oral semaglutide in early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease
FDG-PET	Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
FSP1	Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GLUT1	Glucose transporter 1
GLUT3	Glucose transporter 3
GPX4	Glutathione peroxidase 4
GSDMD	Gasdermin D
GSH	Glutathione
GSK3β	Glycogen synthase kinase-3β
HDAC(s)	Histone deacetylase(s)
HETEs	Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids
IL-18	Interleukin-18
IL-1β	Interleukin-1β
KEAP1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
LIP	Labile iron pool
LPCAT3	Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LTP	Long-term potentiation
MCT1/2/4	Monocarboxylate transporter 1/2/4
MLKL	Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
NAD+	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidised form)
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form)
NCOA4	Nuclear receptor coactivator 4
NLRP3	NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
NO	Nitric oxide
NRF2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
oxPEs	Oxidised phosphatidylethanolamines
OXPHOS	Oxidative phosphorylation
oxPUFAs	Oxidised polyunsaturated fatty acids
p-tau217	Phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (blood biomarker)
PANoptosis	Combined apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis cell death pathway
PI3K/Akt	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signalling pathway
QSM	Quantitative susceptibility mapping
RCD	Regulated cell death
RIPK1/3	Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1/3
RNS	Reactive nitrogen species
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
SS-31	Elamipretide (mitochondria-targeted, cardiolipin-stabilising peptide)
TCA	Tricarboxylic acid
TfR1	Transferrin receptor 1
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TNF-α	Tumour necrosis factor-α
TPP+	Triphenylphosphonium cation
ZIP	Zrt/Irt-like protein (zinc transporter, SLC39 family)
ZnT	Zinc transporter (SLC30 family)
β-HB	Beta-hydroxybutyrate