| ADI | Acceptable Daily Intake |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| CAGR | Compound Annual Growth Rate |
| EFSA | European Food Safety Authority |
| F/B | Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| GLP-1 | Glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| GPR | G protein-coupled receptor |
| HbA1c | Glycated hemoglobin |
| HOMA-IR | Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| OGTT | Oral glucose tolerance test |
| PYY | Peptide YY |
| RCT | Randomized controlled trial |
| SCFA | Short-chain fatty acid |
| SMD | Standardized Mean Difference |