| AIC | Akaike Information Criterion |
| ED | Emergency Department |
| GLMM | Generalized linear mixed-effects model |
| HFR | Fribourg Cantonal Hospital |
| ICU | Intensive care unit |
| IM | Internal Medicine |
| LOS | Length of stay |
| MICE | Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| EM | Emergency Medicine |