| AIR | alcohol-insoluble residue |
| ANOVA | analysis of variance |
| AtVTE2 | Arabidopsis thaliana VTE2, encoding homogentisate phytyltransferase |
| BSTFA | N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide |
| CaMV 35S | cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter |
| CDTA | trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid |
| CSF | CDTA-soluble fraction |
| DMAPP | dimethylallyl diphosphate |
| DPPH | 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
| DXPR | 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase |
| DXPS | 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase |
| FRAP | Ferric-reducing antioxidant power |
| FT-IR | Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy |
| GC–MS | gas chromatography–mass spectrometry |
| HMGR | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase |
| HMGS | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase |
| HPT | homogentisate phytyltransferase |
| HPT1 | homogentisate phytyltransferase 1 |
| IDI | isopentenyl-diphosphate isomerase |
| IPP | isopentenyl diphosphate |
| MEP | 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway |
| MS | Murashige and Skoog medium |
| MVA | mevalonate pathway |
| NSF | Na2CO3-soluble fraction |
| OCS | octopine synthase terminator |
| PDA | photodiode-array detector |
| PDS | phytoene desaturase |
| PPM | Plant Preservative Mixture |
| PSY | phytoene synthase |
| RQ | relative quantity |
| RT-qPCR | reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR |
| SD | standard deviation |
| TC | tocopherol cyclase |
| TMCS | trimethylchlorosilane |
| TPTZ | 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine |
| UPLC | ultra-performance liquid chromatography |
| UPLC–PDA | ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array detection |
| UPLC–PDA–MS | ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array and mass-spectrometric detection |
| VTE1 | tocopherol cyclase |
| VTE2 | homogentisate phytyltransferase |
| VTE4/γ-TMT | γ-tocopherol methyltransferase |
| WSF | water-soluble fraction |
| ZDS | ζ-carotene desaturase |