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. 2026 Sep 7;16(9):1495. doi: 10.3390/life16091495
ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone
AE Adverse event
ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker
ARR Aldosterone-to-renin ratio
ASI Aldosterone synthase inhibitor
AT1R Angiotensin II type 1 receptor
CKD Chronic kidney disease
CYP11B1 11β-Hydroxylase
CYP11B2 Aldosterone synthase
DBP Diastolic blood pressure
DOC 11-Deoxycorticosterone
eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate
ENaC Epithelial sodium channel
HF Heart failure
HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
MRA Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
MR Mineralocorticoid receptor
PA Primary aldosteronism
RAAS Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
RH Resistant hypertension
SBP Systolic blood pressure
SGLT2 Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2
StAR Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
TGF-β Transforming growth factor-beta
UACR Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio
UFC Urinary free cortisol
AT1 Angiotensin II type 1
MR Mineralocorticoid receptors
CTGF Connective tissue growth factor
ARB Angiotensin receptor blockers
MRA Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists