Table 2.
Results of Multinomial Logistic Regression for Group Characteristics
| Unadjusted Results | Adjusted Results | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable (Reference) | Category | Group a | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p |
| Sex (Men) | Female | 2 | 1.56 | [1.019, 2.387] | .040 | 1.53 | [0.991, 2.356] | .055 |
| 3 | 1.20 | [0.853, 1.696] | .292 | 1.21 | [0.847, 1.716] | .299 | ||
| 4 | 2.89 | [1.629, 5.124] | .000 | 2.78 | [1.548, 5.003] | .000 | ||
| Age | 2 | 1.03 | [1.017, 1.046] | .000 | 1.03 | [1.008, 1.059] | .010 | |
| 3 | 1.01 | [0.999, 1.019] | .075 | 1.01 | [0.994, 1.029] | .184 | ||
| 4 | 1.03 | [1.012, 1.047] | .001 | 1.04 | [1.012, 1.074] | .006 | ||
| Living alone (no) | Yes | 2 | 2.32 | [1.135, 4.721] | .021 | 1.23 | [0.575, 2.635] | .592 |
| 3 | 2.38 | [1.313, 4.328] | .004 | 2.01 | [1.051, 3.834] | .035 | ||
| 4 | 4.74 | [2.361, 9.497] | .000 | 2.62 | [1.186, 5.795] | .017 | ||
| On social welfare (no) | Yes | 2 | 5.92 | [2.277, 15.379] | .000 | 4.14 | [1.514, 11.291] | .006 |
| 3 | 1.31 | [0.356, 4.802] | .687 | 1.06 | [0.279, 4.039] | .931 | ||
| 4 | 4.51 | [1.374, 14.806] | .013 | 3.02 | [0.852, 10.665] | .087 | ||
| Economic status | 2 | 0.72 | [0.620, 0.842] | .000 | 0.72 | [0.612, 0.856] | .000 | |
| 3 | 0.91 | [0.811, 1.009] | .072 | 0.86 | [0.755, 0.969] | .014 | ||
| 4 | 0.69 | [0.573, 0.840] | .000 | 0.64 | [0.515, 0.795] | .000 | ||
| History of mental illness (no) | Yes | 2 | 3.33 | [1.236, 8.962] | .017 | 1.95 | [0.700, 5.436] | .201 |
| 3 | 2.76 | [1.122, 6.760] | .027 | 1.73 | [0.691, 4.345] | .241 | ||
| 4 | 4.39 | [1.514, 12.730] | .006 | 1.92 | [0.629, 5.865] | .252 | ||
| Resilience | 2 | 0.36 | [0.254, 0.513] | .000 | 0.42 | [0.292, 0.616] | .000 | |
| 3 | 0.33 | [0.241, 0.437] | .000 | 0.33 | [0.242, 0.456] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 0.13 | [0.083, 0.201] | .000 | 0.15 | [0.093, 0.239] | .000 | ||
| Time elapsed since disaster incident | 2 | 0.81 | [0.700, 0.931] | .003 | 0.79 | [0.686, 0.919] | .002 | |
| 3 | 0.69 | [0.611, 0.788] | .000 | 0.68 | [0.599, 0.776] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 0.60 | [0.485, 0.742] | .000 | 0.58 | [0.470, 0.718] | .000 | ||
| Life threatened nno) | Yes | 2 | 1.45 | [0.931, 2.257] | .101 | 1.42 | [0.900, 2.230] | .083 |
| 3 | 2.38 | [1.675, 3.387] | .000 | 2.27 | [1.578, 3.251] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 3.00 | [1.791, 5.013] | .000 | 2.93 | [1.711, 5.008] | .000 | ||
| Witnessed injury or death of acquaintance (no) | Yes | 2 | 0.66 | [0.232, 1.885] | .439 | 0.76 | [0.262, 2.190] | .608 |
| 3 | 2.95 | [1.733, 5.008] | .000 | 3.10 | [1.779, 5.371] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 2.91 | [1.384, 6.129] | .005 | 4.00 | [1.795, 8.891] | .001 | ||
| Personal injury or illness (no) | Yes | 2 | 3.15 | [1.740, 5.692] | .000 | 3.06 | [1.667, 5.624] | .000 |
| 3 | 4.64 | [2.898, 7.426] | .000 | 4.74 | [2.904, 7.729] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 7.42 | [4.092, 13.477] | .000 | 7.33 | [3.877, 13.846] | .000 | ||
| Family member's injury or illness (no) | Yes | 2 | 0.52 | [0.122, 2.232] | .381 | 0.69 | [0.157, 2.992] | .615 |
| 3 | 2.85 | [1.492, 5.452] | .002 | 3.50 | [1.761, 6.973] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 5.27 | [2.469, 11.235] | .000 | 8.60 | [3.655, 20.247] | .000 | ||
| Extent of financial loss | 2 | 1.01 | [0.999, 1.013] | .007 | 1.01 | [1.000, 1.013] | .056 | |
| 3 | 1.01 | [1.007, 1.017] | .000 | 1.01 | [1.007, 1.017] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 1.02 | [1.010, 1.021] | .000 | 1.02 | [1.010, 1.021] | .000 | ||
| Perceived damage | 2 | 1.32 | [1.059, 1.637] | .000 | 1.34 | [1.069, 1.669] | .011 | |
| 3 | 1.61 | [1.330, 1.956] | .013 | 1.63 | [1.339, 1.982] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 1.93 | [1.413, 2.627] | .000 | 1.96 | [1.426, 2.691] | .000 | ||
| Used temporary housing (no) | Yes | 2 | 5.43 | [2.188, 13.450] | .000 | 1.94 | [0.970, 3.896] | .061 |
| 3 | 3.01 | [1.432, 6.347] | .000 | 2.79 | [1.636, 4.754] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 2.51 | [1.660, 3.773] | .000 | 4.35 | [2.162, 8.758] | .000 | ||
| Relocation of residence (no) | Yes | 2 | 0.91 | [0.455, 1.829] | .797 | 0.83 | [0.408, 1.974] | .612 |
| 3 | 3.53 | [2.333, 5.339] | .000 | 2.82 | [1.833, 4.341] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 2.94 | [1.610, 5.376] | .000 | 2.33 | [1.229, 4.433] | .010 | ||
| Separation from family (no) | Yes | 2 | 1.86 | [0.679, 5.099] | .227 | 2.17 | [0.617, 4.993] | .292 |
| 3 | 3.40 | [1.669, 6.945] | .001 | 3.59 | [1.338, 6.032] | .007 | ||
| 4 | 4.31 | [1.742, 10.687] | .002 | 4.75 | [1.189, 8.449] | .021 | ||
| Social adjustment | 2 | 0.78 | [0.611, 0.992] | .043 | 0.86 | [0.666, 1.114] | .256 | |
| 3 | 0.45 | [0.380, 0.542] | .000 | 0.43 | [0.357, 0.523] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 0.26 | [0.203, 0.337] | .000 | 0.25 | [0.192, 0.334] | .000 | ||
| Social support | 2 | 0.87 | [0.665, 1.143] | .322 | 0.96 | [0.719, 1.275] | .767 | |
| 3 | 0.78 | [0.626, 0.970] | .026 | 0.78 | [0.617, 0.986] | .038 | ||
| 4 | 0.68 | [0.493, 0.926] | .015 | 0.70 | [0.490, 1.002] | .051 | ||
| Community resilience | 2 | 0.57 | [0.416, 0.773] | .000 | 0.58 | [0.418, 0.810] | .001 | |
| 3 | 0.75 | [0.581, 0.966] | .026 | 0.88 | [0.672, 1.148] | .342 | ||
| 4 | 0.39 | [0.264, 0.565] | .000 | 0.45 | [0.295, 0.670] | .000 | ||
| Media satisfaction | 2 | 0.44 | [0.316, 0.614] | .000 | 0.47 | [0.309, 0.616] | .000 | |
| 3 | 0.55 | [0.415, 0.721] | .000 | 0.57 | [0.427, 0.756] | .000 | ||
| 4 | 0.37 | [0.248, 0.547] | .000 | 0.36 | [0.231, 0.551] | .000 | ||
Note. ORs indicates the change in odds of belonging to Group k versus Group 1: per one-unit increase for continuous variables and relative to the reference category for categorical variables. OR = odds ratio. Covariates in the adjusted analysis: sex, age, economic status, and time elapsed since disaster incident, Group 1 = resistance, Group 2 = delayed, Group 3 = recovery, Group 4 = chronic.
a Group 1 = reference group.