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. 2026 Sep 15;16(9):1536. doi: 10.3390/life16091536
APCs antigen-presenting cells
ATF4 activating transcription factor 4
ATF6 activating transcription factor 6
Bak Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer
BAP31 B-cell receptor-associated protein 31
Bax BCL2-associated X protein
CDKs cyclin-dependent kinases
cGAMP cGAS synthesizes cyclic GMP-AMP
cGAS Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
CHOP C/enhancer binding protein-homologous protein
CRT Calreticulin
DAMPs damage-associated molecular patterns
DCs dendritic cells
dsDNA double-stranded DNA
eIF2α eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α
ER endoplasmic reticulum
HMGB1 high mobility group box 1
ICD immunogenic cell death
ICIs immune checkpoint inhibitors
IKK IκB kinase
IRE1α inositol-requiring enzyme 1α
LRP1 low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
MHC major histocompatibility complex class
NF-κB nuclear factor-κB
PERK protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
PRRs pattern-recognition receptors
SASP senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SAHF senescence-associated heterochromatin foci
SCAP senescent-cell anti-apoptotic pathway
TBK1 TANK-binding kinase 1
TLR toll-like receptor
TME Tumor microenvironment