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. 2026 Sep 14;31(18):3244. doi: 10.3390/molecules31183244
AFM Atomic force microscopy
[AMIM]Cl 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
B Betaine
[BMIM]Cl 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
CAc Choline acetate
CC Choline chloride
CCit Choline citrate
Ch Chitosan
CLa Choline lactate
CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose
CNC Cellulose nanocrystals
DES Deep eutectic solvent
DFT Density functional theory
DMTA Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis
DSC Differential scanning calorymetry
EB Elongation at break
Fruc Fructose
FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
G Glycerol
Gluc Glucose
HBA Hydrogen bond acceptor
HBD Hydrogen bond donor
HOPS Hydroxypropyl oxidized potato starch
La Lactic acid
LCA Life cycle assessment
MCC Microcrystalline cellulose
MFI Melt flow index
MMT Montmorillonite
NaAc Sodium acetate
OP Oxygen permeability
OTR Oxygen transmission rate
R Resorcinol
RP Rice protein
S Sorbitol
SEM Scanning electron microscopy
SPI Soy protein isolate
TGA Thermal gravimetric analysis
TMAH Tetramethylammonium hydroxide
TPS Thermoplastic starch
TS Tensile strength
U Urea
UMMT Urea-modified montmorillonite
WCA Water contact angle
WG Wheat gluten
WVP Water vapor permeability
WVTR Water vapor transmission rate
XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
XRD X-ray diffractometry
YM Young’s modulus