25(OH)D	25-hydroxyvitamin D
aHR	adjusted hazard ratio
AS-PCR	allele-specific polymerase chain reaction
BMP3	bone morphogenetic protein 3
CI	confidence interval
DHQ	Diet History Questionnaire
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
ES	effect size
FFQ	food frequency questionnaire
GC	gastric cancer
GEJ	Gastro-oesophageal junction
GLOBOCAN	Global Cancer Observatory
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
HPLC	high-performance liquid chromatography
HR	hazard ratio
IFN-γ	interferon gamma
I2	I-squared statistic
IL-6	interleukin-6
IL-8	interleukin-8
INQ	Index of Nutritional Quality
KNHANES	Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
LDR	ligation detection reaction
LL-37	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
lncRNAs	long non-coding RNAs
MD	mean difference
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
OR	odds ratio
PCR-RFLP	polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
PI3K/AKT	phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B
PRISMA	Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homologue
RCT	randomised controlled trial
REML	restricted maximum-likelihood
RIA	radioimmunoassay
RR	risk ratio
SD	standard deviation
SNPs	single nucleotide polymorphisms
TNF-α	tumour necrosis factor-alpha
TXNIP	thioredoxin-interacting protein
VDBP	vitamin D-binding protein
VDR	vitamin D receptor
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor