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. 2026 Aug 28;14(9):1908. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms14091908
AMR antimicrobial resistance
AP-PCR arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction
AST antimicrobial susceptibility testing
BMD broth microdilution
BSI bloodstream infection
CI confidence interval
CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
COLr-CPE colistin-resistant carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales
CRAB carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
CR-GNB carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
CRKP carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
DTA diagnostic test accuracy
ESBL extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
EUCAST European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
HR hazard ratio
ICU intensive care unit
JBI Joanna Briggs Institute
KPC Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase
MIC minimum inhibitory concentration
MLST multilocus sequence typing
MMAT Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool
OR odds ratio
PAP population analysis profiling
PFGE pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
QUADAS-3 Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies, version 3
ROBINS-E Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies—of Exposure
VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia
WGS whole-genome sequencing
XDR extensively drug-resistant