Table 2.
Regression of LBWT on SES: Controlling for Sociodemographics, Health Behaviors, Health-Related Variables, and Mother's BWT
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income (thousands) | −.0445** | −.0437** | ||
| Income3 (thousands) | 1.45e–05** | 1.42e–05** | ||
| Mom's Education (years) | −.0259 | −.0529** | −.0486** | −.0244 |
| Dad's Education (years) | −.0166 | −.0382** | −.0293† | −.0141 |
| Occupational Grade | −.0067† | −.0014 | ||
| Income Inequality (Gini) | 3.0692 | 2.0935 | ||
| Median State HH Income | −8.86e–06 | 6.57e–06 | ||
| Race/Ethnicity (White) | ||||
| Black | ||||
| Hispanic | ||||
| Parity (First Birth) | ||||
| Low | ||||
| High | ||||
| Marital Status (Married) | ||||
| Not Married | ||||
| Payer (Insurance) | ||||
| Medicaid | ||||
| Self-Pay | ||||
| WIC Participation (No) | ||||
| Short-Term | ||||
| Long-Term | ||||
| Weight Gain (Normal) | ||||
| Low | ||||
| High | ||||
| Prenatal Care (Adequate) | ||||
| Inadequate | ||||
| Intermediate | ||||
| Adequate Plus | ||||
| Smoke While Pregnant (No) | ||||
| Yes | ||||
| Alcohol Use (No) | ||||
| Yes | ||||
| Vitamin Use (Yes) | ||||
| No | ||||
| Exercise (Yes) | ||||
| No | ||||
| Prevent Delivery (No) | ||||
| Yes | ||||
| Body Mass Index (Medium) | ||||
| Low | ||||
| High | ||||
| Mom LBWT | ||||
| Mom's BWT (Missing) | ||||
| Constant | −1.6536 | −2.7799 | −1.4554 | −2.6686 |
| Wald Chi-Square (df) | 152.83 (8) | 72.23 (8) | 73.49 (6) | 156.77 (14) |
| N-size | 12,814 | 12,814 | 12,814 | 12,814 |
| Variable | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 |
| Income (thousands) | −.0142* | −.0162* | −.0144* | −.0267** |
| Income3 (thousands) | 5.80e–06* | 6.66e–06* | 5.99e–06* | 9.23e–06** |
| Mom's Education (years) | −.0363* | −.0282 | −.0182 | −.0435 |
| Dad's Education (years) | −.0284† | −.0068 | −.0131 | −.0241 |
| Occupational Grade | .0033 | .0031 | .0025 | .0030 |
| Income Inequality (Gini) | −.1876 | −.2348 | −1.1432 | −.6191 |
| Median State HH Income | 3.75e–06 | −1.14e-05 | −5.14e-08 | −6.38e–06 |
| Race/Ethnicity (White) | ||||
| Black | .6712** | .7162** | .7359** | .6788** |
| Hispanic | −.1512 | .0372 | .1469 | −.0886 |
| Parity (First Birth) | ||||
| Low | −.2539** | −.4276** | −.4133** | −.2611** |
| High | −.2113† | −.4293** | −.3856** | −.1853** |
| Marital Status (Married) | ||||
| Not Married | .2444 | .2357 | .1796 | .2861 |
| Payer (Insurance) | ||||
| Medicaid | .2516** | .3433** | .3037** | .3720** |
| Self-Pay | −.1033 | −.0666 | −.0833 | −.0645 |
| WIC Participation (No) | ||||
| Short-Term | −.3723** | −.4109** | −.5891** | |
| Long-Term | −.4469** | −.4521** | −.7133** | |
| Weight Gain (Normal) | ||||
| Low | .8394** | .9429** | ||
| High | −.7231** | −.7907** | ||
| Prenatal Care (Adequate) | ||||
| Inadequate | .2655** | .2806** | ||
| Intermediate | −.1246 | −.1119 | ||
| Adequate Plus | .6946** | .6288** | ||
| Smoke While Pregnant (No) | ||||
| Yes | .7489** | .6997** | ||
| Alcohol Use (No) | ||||
| Yes | .4002* | .5264** | ||
| Vitamin Use (Yes) | ||||
| No | .0403 | .0738 | ||
| Exercise (Yes) | ||||
| No | .2160** | .2444** | ||
| Prevent Delivery (No) | ||||
| Yes | .9048** | |||
| Body Mass Index (Medium) | ||||
| Low | .4379** | |||
| High | −.2969** | |||
| Mom LBWT | .5371** | |||
| Mom's BWT (Missing) | .2406** | |||
| Interaction Terms | ||||
| Short-Term WIC*Income | .0173† | |||
| Long-Term WIC*Income | .0299* | |||
| Constant | −1.9995 | −2.6331 | −2.9419 | −1.5713 |
| Wald Chi-Square (df) | 566.24 (28) | 1056.28 (50) | 1227.98 (60) | 761.30 (42) |
| N-size | 12,814 | 12,814 | 12,814 | 12,814 |
Normal BWT is the reference category—high BWT results are modeled simultaneously to improve efficiency of the estimates, but results are not presented.
†
p<.10
*
p<.05
**
p<.01