| UC | ulcerative colitis |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| JAK | Janus kinase |
| S1P | sphingosine-1-phosphate |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| EMA | European Medicines Agency |
| SD | standard deviation |
| IQR | interquartile range |
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