. 2004 Feb;39(1):131–152. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00219.x

Table 4.

Effects of HMO Penetration and Competition on Revascularization and Cardiac Catheterization Rates

	Revascularization				Cardiac Catheterization

	All Observations	Full Year Follow-Up			All Observations	Full Year Follow-Up

	Admission	Admission	30-Day	1-Year	Admission	Admission	30-Day	1-Year
HMO penetration – medium	0.919	0.873	0.87	0.875	0.87	0.801^*	0.815	0.809^*
	[0.97]	[1.35]	[1.45]	[1.56]	[1.51]	[2.09]	[1.95]	[2.16]
HMO penetration – high	0.86	0.778^*	0.784^*	0.812^*	0.809^*	0.711^**	0.723^**	0.734^**
	[1.69]	[2.44]	[2.48]	[2.40]	[2.23]	[3.12]	[3.03]	[3.07]
HMO competition – medium	1.039	1.058	1.066	1.045	1.0%	1.155	1.162^*	1.149^*
	[0.59]	[0.82]	[0.97]	[0.75]	[1.32]	[1.94]	[2.06]	[2.00]
HMO competition – high	1.072	1.145	1.165	1.086	1.177	1.305^**	1.341^**	1.287^**
	[0.81]	[1.47]	[1.75]	[1.06]	[1.82]	[2.79]	[3.15]	[2.83]
Hospital competition – medium	1.222	1.276^*	1.243	1.211	1.293^*	1.346^*	1.321^*	1.288^*
	[1.85]	[2.03]	[1.92]	[1.91]	[2.22]	[2.30]	[2.20]	[2.10]
Hospital competition – high	1.527^**	1.541^**	1.476^**	1.380^*	1.547^**	1.521^**	1.480^*	1.421^*
	[2.97]	[2.83]	[2.70]	[2.51]	[2.93]	[2.61]	[2.48]	[2.32]
Government	0.955	0.993	1.021	1.009	1.028	1.024	1.02	1.027
	[0.63]	[0.08]	[0.25]	[0.12]	[0.42]	[0.30]	[0.25]	[0.36]
For-Profit	1.235^**	1.297^**	1.279^**	1.232^**	1.251^**	1.312^**	1.309^**	1.290^**
	[3.17]	[3.71]	[3.72]	[3.52]	[3.28]	[3.68]	[3.81]	[3.77]
Teaching	1.05	1.029	1.027	1.051	1.118^*	1.115^*	1.101	1.108^*
	[0.97]	[0.55]	[0.54]	[1.09]	[2.18]	[2.07]	[1.87]	[2.03]
Bed Size 151–300	1.357^**	1.393^**	1.369^**	1.317^**	1.600^**	1.619^**	1.569^**	1.491^**
	[5.29]	[5.13]	[5.23]	[5.08]	[7.87]	[7.03]	[6.81]	[6.33]
Bed Size 301–500	1.794^**	1.881^**	1.785^**	1.629^**	2.129^**	2.198^**	2.109^**	1.961^**
	[9.45]	[9.11]	[8.95]	[8.30]	[11.98]	[10.86]	[10.64]	[10.04]
BedSize > 500	2.334^**	2.574^**	2.340^**	2.057^**	2.804^**	3.012^**	2.819^**	2.608^**
	[12.37]	[12.84]	[12.26]	[11.28]	[14.24]	[13.84]	[13.41]	[12.89]
Observations	93,386	58,025	58,025	58,025	93,386	58,025	58,025	58,025
Pseudo R2	0.188	0.192	0.196	0.199	0.255	0.263	0.265	0.264

Robust z-statistics in brackets.

significant at 5%;

^**

significant at 1%.

Models estimated using maximum likelihood logit and odds ratios shown.