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. 2026 Aug 28;19(9):1365. doi: 10.3390/ph19091365
CUPRAC Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
DN Diabetic neuropathy
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
Fr. Fraction
GAE Gallic acid equivalents
GC-MS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
HPLC-DAD High-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection
HUEF Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy
IC50 Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
LC-MS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
LC-QTOF-MS Liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
ND Not detected
NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance
PCA Principal component analysis
pNPG p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside
QE Quercetin equivalents
RC50 50% radical-scavenging concentration
RP-VLC Reversed-phase vacuum liquid chromatography
TLC Thin-layer chromatography
UV Ultraviolet