| ANOVA | analysis of variance |
| CFU | colony-forming units |
| DTNB | 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) |
| ETC | electron transport chain |
| GLO1 | glyoxalase 1 |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| HP | high-protein diet |
| HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography |
| HPP | high-protein diet plus probiotics |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| MG | methylglyoxal |
| SD | standard diet |
| SDP | standard diet plus probiotics |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| TBARS | thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |
| TNB | 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate |
| VLDL | very-low-density lipoprotein |