Table 3.

Dynamic Panel Model Estimation Results Measuring Quality of Care with the Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infection, and Decubitis Ulcer Complication Ratios.^a,b

Variable	Pneumonia Complication Ratio	Urinary Tract Infection Complication Ratio	Decubitis Ulcer Complication Ratio
Complication Ratiot−1	0.135*	0.276***	0.154**
	(0.056)	(0.050)	(0.054)
RN FTEs per 1,000 IPD	0.032	0.053	0.094
	(0.059)	(0.069)	(0.052)
RN FTEs per 1,000 IPD2	−0.009	−0.008	−0.017**
	(0.007)	(0.008)	(0.006)
LPN FTEs per 1,000 IPD	0.160	0.196	−0.037
	(0.148)	(0.170)	(0.136)
LPN FTEs per 1,000 IPD2	0.080	−0.007	0.097
	(0.051)	(0.059)	(0.057)
Nonnurse FTEs per 1,000 IPD	−0.024	−0.010	−0.011
	(0.018)	(0.023)	(0.017)
Nonnurse FTEs per 1,000 IPD2	0.001	0.001	−2.7E-5
	(4.2E-4)	(0.001)	(4.9E-4)
RN FTEs × LPN FTEs	−0.047*	0.007	−0.023
	(0.023)	(0.025)	(0.029)
RN FTEs × Nonnurse FTEs	0.005	0.002	0.005
	(0.003)	(0.004)	(0.003)
LPN FTEs × Nonnurse FTEs	−0.006	−0.012	0.001
	(0.011)	(0.013)	(0.012)
Operating margin	−0.004***	−0.003	−0.001
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Case-mix index	−0.261	0.264	0.424*
	(0.198)	(0.224)	(0.180)
Saidin index	−0.031**	−0.024	0.005
	(0.012)	(0.014)	(0.011)
System	−0.041	−0.062	−0.067*
	(0.031)	(0.038)	(0.030)
Public	0.620	−0.270	−0.365
	(0.358)	(0.545)	(0.212)
Profit	0.071	−0.326	−0.155
	(0.164)	(0.245)	(0.170)
Payer mix	0.001	0.002	0.001
	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)
Beds	−2.2E-4	−4.7E-4	−0.001***
	(3.6E-4)	(4.2E-4)	(3.7E-4)
Hospital use	1.6E-7	−2.7E-4	4.7E-5
	(1.2E-4)	(1.5E-4)	(1.2E-4)
Herfindahl index	−0.012	0.002	−0.010
	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.006)
Number of HMOs	0.006	0.032***	0.016**
	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.005)
HMO penetration	−0.003	0.004	1.5E-4
	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.002)
HMOs × HMO penetration	−1.3E-4	−0.001***	2.0E-5
	(2.1E-4)	(2.3E-4)	(1.9E-4)
Dummy variables for years	X	X	X
Observations	864	984	945

^aStandard errors (in parentheses) beneath the coefficients.

^*Significant at the .05 level;

^**significant at the .01 level;

^***significant at the .001 level.