Descriptive Statistics for Final Sample for All Years.a
| 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=373 | N=366 | N=361 | N=357 | N=361 | N=358 | |
| Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | |
| Hospital Characteristics | ||||||
| Case-mix index | 1.25 (0.18) | 1.28 (0.21) | 1.31 (0.21) | 1.31 (0.22) | 1.31 (0.22) | 1.33 (0.23) |
| High-tech services | 2.93 (2.31) | 3.07 (2.34) | 3.22 (2.34) | 3.41 (2.36) | 3.63 (2.44) | 3.70 (2.38) |
| Payer mix (%) | 52.0 (13.4) | 53.9 (13.2) | 55.9 (13.6) | 56.9 (14.2) | 57.2 (14.1) | 57.2 (13.8) |
| Number of beds | 197 (175) | 196 (176) | 197 (175) | 198 (176) | 192 (171) | 190 (172) |
| Occupancy (%) | 50.2 (17.8) | 49.6 (17.9) | 48.7 (17.3) | 47.3 (16.4) | 45.5 (16.1) | 44.9 (15.9) |
| Not-for-profit hospitals (%) | 67.02 | 67.21 | 67.59 | 66.94 | 67.59 | 68.15 |
| For-profit hospitals (%) | 13.94 | 14.20 | 14.68 | 15.68 | 14.40 | 14.24 |
| Public hospitals (%) | 19.03 | 18.6 | 17.7 | 17.4 | 18.0 | 17.6 |
| MSA hospitals (%) | 64.34 | 64.48 | 65.37 | 66.11 | 65.10 | 65.64 |
| System affiliated (%) | 41.82 | 42.0 | 43.5 | 46.2 | 52.3 | 55.3 |
| Market Characteristics | ||||||
| HSA hospital use | 952 (321) | 923 (324) | 902 (311) | 863 (308) | 820 (296) | 779 (288) |
| Herfindahl index | 17.8 (15.8) | 17.8 (15.7) | 18.1 (16.1) | 18.1 (16.2) | 18.3 (16.3) | 18.4 (16.4) |
| No. of HMOs | 7.21 (6.39) | 7.32 (6.52) | 7.48 (6.48) | 7.53 (6.02) | 7.27 (5.66) | 8.06 (5.33) |
| HMO penetration | 13.9 (10.8) | 14.7 (11.2) | 15.7 (12.0) | 16.6 (12.5) | 18.9 (13.) | 21.8 (14.2) |
| Financial Performance | ||||||
| Operating margin | −2.38 (13.6) | −1.69 (11.9) | −0.01 (10.9) | −0.07 (11.9) | 0.80 (11.5) | 0.90 (12.7) |
| Staff per 1,000 Inpatient Days | ||||||
| RN FTEs | 3.02 (1.03) | 3.14 (1.07) | 3.20 (0.98) | 3.36 (1.08) | 3.50 (1.05) | 3.60 (1.07) |
| LPN FTEs | 0.68 (0.44) | 0.69 (0.48) | 0.66 (0.45) | 0.64 (0.46) | 0.59 (0.40) | 0.59 (0.41) |
| Nonnurse FTEs | 8.97 (2.76) | 9.35 (2.80) | 9.59 (2.78) | 10.11 (3.20) | 10.23 (3.23) | 10.76 (3.50) |
| Quality | ||||||
| Mortality ratio | 1.20 (0.24) | 1.15 (0.21) | 1.09 (0.22) | 1.05 (0.22) | 0.97 (0.22) | 0.90 (0.20) |
| Pneumonia ratio | 0.61 (0.36) | 0.65 (0.35) | 0.72 (0.39) | 0.81 (0.41) | 0.90 (0.40) | 0.97 (0.45) |
| Sample size | 217 | 212 | 214 | 215 | 216 | 219 |
| Decubitus ulcer ratio | 0.48 (0.31) | 0.51 (0.38) | 0.58 (0.42) | 0.62 (0.43) | 0.69 (0.46) | 0.74 (0.42) |
| Sample size | 251 | 244 | 242 | 236 | 234 | 233 |
| Urinary tract infection ratio | 1.18 (0.43) | 1.17 (0.43) | 1.17 (0.48) | 1.14 (0.46) | 1.11 (0.48) | 0.98 (0.43) |
| Sample size | 256 | 245 | 247 | 247 | 246 | 244 |
a
Standard deviations are indicated (in parentheses) beside the means.
Note: HSA=health service areas; MSA=metropolitan service area.