Table 3.
Results of Logistic Regression, by State (Ages 20–64), 1997
| Odds Ratio (OR) for Preventable Admissions vs. Marker Admissions [1] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variables | New York | Pennsylvania |
| Patient Insurance | ||
| Private HMO vs. private FFS | 0.69 (0.64, 0.75)* | 0.81 (0.77, 0.85)* |
| Medicaid FFS vs. private FFS | 2.00 (1.81, 2.22)* | 1.67 (1.56, 1.78)* |
| Medicaid HMO vs. private FFS | 1.63 (1.27, 2.08)* | 1.95 (1.67, 2.28)* |
| Self-pay vs. private FFS | 0.92 (0.84, 1.01) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.23) |
| Patient Characteristics | ||
| African American vs. white and others | 2.41 (2.08, 2.79)* | 2.24 (2.05, 2.45)* |
| Hispanic vs. white and others | 1.26 (1.08, 1.47)* | 1.19 (0.97, 1.46) |
| Male vs. Female | 0.69 (0.67, 0.73)* | 0.73 (0.69, 0.77)* |
| Ages 20–44 vs. ages 45–64 | 0.82 (0.76, 0.89)* | 0.78 (0.70, 0.86)* |
| Source of admission = transfer vs. other | 0.23 (0.17, 0.30)* | 0.22 (0.18, 0.26)* |
| Source of admission = ER vs. other | 0.69 (0.62, 0.77)* | 0.57 (0.52, 0.63)* |
| Severity score (RDSCALE) | 0.83 (0.81, 0.85)* | 0.72 (0.66, 0.78)* |
| County Characteristics | ||
| Metro area vs. metro-adjacent | 0.86 (0.72, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.87, 1.13) |
| Not adjacent vs. metro-adjacent | 1.06 (0.87, 1.28) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.22) |
| Median county income | 1.004 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) |
| New York City vs. rest of New York | 1.37 (1.02, 1.84)** | — |
| Hospital Characteristics | ||
| Distance to admitting hospital | 0.997 (0.995, 0.999)* | 0.997 (0.995, 0.999)** |
| Teaching status of admitting hospital vs. nonteaching status | 0.79 (0.73, 0.85)* | 1.11 (1.00, 1.23)** |
| County Resources | ||
| Outpatient visits per capita | 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) | 0.94 (0.90, 0.97)* |
| Primary care physicians per 1,000 population | 0.34 (0.12, 0.95)** | 0.29 (0.15, 0.55)* |
| Per capita inpatient days | 0.95 (0.79, 1.13) | 1.20 (0.99, 1.45) |
| Specialists per 1,000 population | 1.23 (0.95, 1.60) | 1.35 (1.12, 1.63)* |
| Odds Ratio (OR) for Preventable Admissions versus Marker Admissions [1] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variables | Wisconsin | Tennessee |
| Patient Insurance | ||
| Private HMO vs. private FFS | 0.78 (0.69, 0.87)* | 0.68 (0.63, 0.73)* |
| Medicaid FFS vs. private FFS | 2.69 (2.22, 3.25)* | — |
| Medicaid HMO vs. private FFS | 1.96 (1.49, 2.56)* | 1.66 (1.53, 1.79)* |
| Self-pay vs. private FFS | 1.06 (0.94, 1.19) | 0.83 (0.73, 0.92)* |
| Patient Characteristics | ||
| African American vs. white and others | 2.49 (2.15, 2.88)* | 1.88 (1.57, 2.25)* |
| Hispanic vs. white and others | 1.11 (0.97, 1.27) | 0.62 (0.46, 0.84)* |
| Male vs. female | 0.73 (0.69, 0.78)* | 0.72 (0.69, 0.76)* |
| Ages 20–44 vs. ages 45–64 | 0.63 (0.56, 0.72)* | 0.85 (0.78, 0.93)* |
| Source of admission = transfer vs. other | 0.40 (0.33, 0.48)* | 0.30 (0.26, 0.36)* |
| Source of admission = ER vs. other | 0.62 (0.56, 0.68)* | 0.53 (0.49, 0.57)* |
| Severity score (RDSCALE) | 0.65 (0.59, 0.71)* | 0.64 (0.59, 0.70)* |
| County Characteristics | ||
| Metro area vs. metro-adjacent | 1.15 (0.94, 1.40) | (0.94 (0.78, 1.12) |
| Not adjacent vs. metro-adjacent | 1.07 (0.88, 1.29) | (1.10 (0.97, 1.26) |
| Median county income | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99)** | (0.99 (0.98, 1.00) |
| Hospital Characteristics | ||
| Distance to admitting hospital | 0.999 (0.997, 1.00) | (0.995 (0.992, 0.997)* |
| Teaching status of admitting hospital vs. nonteaching status | 1.64 (1.38, 1.95)* | (1.66 (1.40, 1.97)* |
| County Resources | ||
| Outpatient visits per capita | 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) | (1.04 (0.98, 1.11) |
| Primary care physician per 1,000 population | 1.20 (0.72, 2.01) | 0.39 (0.20, 0.74)* |
| Per capita inpatient days | 0.92 (0.79,1.07) | (1.09 (0.93, 1.27) |
| Specialists per 1,000 population | 1.01 (0.84, 1.21) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.21) |
*
Significant at the 1% level.
**
Significant at the 5% level.
1
The standard errors of this model are adjusted for “clustering” within counties of patient residence.
*
Significant at the 1% level.
**
Significant at the 5% level.
1
The standard errors of this model are adjusted for “clustering” within counties of patient residence.