| AUC | area under the curve |
| DPP-IV | dipeptidyl peptidase IV |
| EC | ethyl cellulose |
| EE | encapsulation efficiency |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| ERL | Eudragit RLPO |
| FTIR-MS | Fourier-transform infrared micro spectroscopy |
| FITC | fluorescein isothiocyanate |
| GLP-1 | glucagon-like peptide 1 |
| HPMC | hydroxypropyl methylcellulose |
| Lipo | liposome |
| ICNP | insulin-coated nanoparticle |
| IPC | interpolymer complex |
| PEG | polyethylene glycol |
| PAA | polyacrylic acid |
| PEG-b-PLA | polyethylene glycol-block-poly lactic acid |
| PDI | polydispersity index |
| RBA | relative bioavailability |
| RPB | relative pharmacological bioavailability |
| SC | sodium cholate |
| SGDC | sodium glycodeoxycholate |
| SPC | soybean phosphatidylcholine |
| SRCD | Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism |
| TEER | transepithelial electrical resistance |
| T1DM | type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. |
| TR146 | human buccal carcinoma cell line model |
| Tmax | time to maximum concentration |