| BBM | brush border membrane |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| DKD | diabetic kidney disease |
| DPP-4 | dipeptidyl peptidase-4 |
| ELISA | enzyme linked immunosorbent assay |
| EMT | epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| FG | Fournier’s gangrene |
| GLP-1 | glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor |
| HF | heart failure |
| HFD | high-fat diet |
| KIM-1 | kidney injury molecule 1 |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| NAG | N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase |
| NHE3 | Na+/H+ exchanger |
| NGAL | neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin |
| NKA | Na+/K+ ATPase |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SGLT2i’s | Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TGF | tubuloglomerular feedback |
| UUO | unilateral ureteral obstruction |
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