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. 2026 Sep 9;19(9):1424. doi: 10.3390/ph19091424
5-, 12-, 16-DS 5-, 12-, 16-doxyl stearic acid
BMPO 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide
CTPO 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl
CW-EPR continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance
DEPMPO 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide
DMPO 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide
DMPO-OH DMPO-hydroxyl radical adduct
DMPO-OOH DMPO-superoxide radical adduct
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
EPR electron paramagnetic resonance
NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
PBN N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone
ROS reactive oxygen species
TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
TEMPOL 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
UV ultraviolet
UV–Vis ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy