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. 2026 Aug 24;19(9):1333. doi: 10.3390/ph19091333
3,5-diCQA 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid
AcEGCG peracetylated epigallocatechin-3-gallate
ACSL4 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4
ALLHP Artiri La Li Honey Pill
ANXA2 annexin A2
BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor
cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CAT catalase
CG compound glycyrrhizin
CREB cAMP response element-binding protein
CXCL9 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9
CXCL10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10
CXCR3 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3
EGb Ginkgo biloba extract
EGb761 standardized Ginkgo biloba L. extract
EGCG epigallocatechin-3-gallate
ER endoplasmic reticulum
ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FAAH fatty acid amide hydrolase
FHB Fufang Heibai
GPX4 glutathione peroxidase 4
GSH-Px glutathione peroxidase
GSK3β glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
HMGB1 high-mobility group box 1
HO-1 heme oxygenase-1
HSP70 heat shock protein 70
IFN-γ interferon-gamma
IL-6 interleukin-6
IL-17A interleukin-17A
JAK Janus kinase
JAK3 Janus kinase 3
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LBP Lycium barbarum polysaccharide
MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAPKAPK2 MAPK-activated protein kinase 2
McSCs melanocyte stem cells
MDA malondialdehyde
MITF microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
mTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin
NB-UVB narrowband ultraviolet B
Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PERK protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
PI3K/AKT phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B
PKA protein kinase A
PTU phenylthiourea
ROS reactive oxygen species
SOD superoxide dismutase
STAT1 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
STAT5 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5
TCM traditional Chinese medicine
PTF purslane total flavones
TFR1 transferrin receptor 1
TGP total glucosides of paeony
TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Treg regulatory T cell
TRP tyrosinase-related protein
TYR tyrosinase
UVB ultraviolet B
VASI Vitiligo Area Scoring Index
Wnt/β-catenin Wingless/Int-1/β-catenin signaling pathway