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. 2026 Aug 30;18(9):1092. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18091092
D Physical diameter of particles (m)
ED Emitted dose (g)
ffc Flow function coefficient (flow index) (−)
FPD Fine particle dose (g)
FPF Fine particle fraction (%)
HR Hausner ratio (−)
k Unconsolidated powder permeability (m4/Ns)
MMAD Mass median aerodynamic diameter of particles (m)
NGI Next generation impactor
ΔP Pressure drop (N/m2)
RH Relative humidity (%)
SS Salbutamol sulfate
TS Terbutaline sulfate
ρb Unconsolidated powder bulk density (kg/m3)
ρp Particle gas pycnometry density (kg/m3)
τ0 Cohesion strength (N/m2)
φ Angle of internal friction (o)