SCFA	short chain fatty acids
RS	resistant starch
AXOS	arabinoxylan oligosaccharides
DF	dietary fiber
GLP 1	glucagon like peptide 1
PYY	peptide YY
GIP	glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
ESG	enzymatically synthesized glycogen
NPF	net portal flux
FFA	free fatty acids
POMC	proopiomelanocortin
LN	lean
OWO	overweight/obese
IL 6	interleukin 6
TAG	triacylglycerides
CCK	cholecystokinin
NSP	non starch polysaccharides
BA	bile acids
FFAR2/3	free fatty acid receptor 2/3
GLP 2	glucagon like peptide 2
TG	triglycerides
ITF	inulin type fructans
L cells	enteroendocrine L cells
GE	gastric emptying
iAUC	incremental area under the curve
DPP IV	dipeptidyl peptidase IV
HFD	High-fat diet
T2DM	type 2 diabetes mellitus
TC	total cholesterol
LDL C	low density lipoprotein cholesterol
HDL C	high density lipoprotein cholesterol
STZ	streptozotocin
REPH	rice endosperm protein hydrolysate
RBPH	rice bran protein hydrolysate
LWP	low molecular wheat protein hydrolysate
GPCR	G protein coupled receptor
AMPK	AMP activated protein kinase
IRS2	insulin receptor substrate 2
Akt	protein kinase B
TRPA1	transient receptor potential ankyrin 1
ELNs	exosome like nanoparticles
OMVs	outer membrane vesicles
HTL	Helianthus tuberosus
CKJ	chungkookjang
CQA	caffeoylquinic acids
EPS	exopolysaccharides
LAB	lactic acid bacteria
γ PGA	gamma polyglutamic acid
T2D	type 2 diabetes
HOMA IR	homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
DPP 4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4
CPE	coffee polyphenol extract
FMP	foxtail millet polyphenols
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
NO	nitric oxide
eNOS	endothelial nitric oxide synthase
FXR	farnesoid X receptor
TGR5	Takeda G protein coupled receptor 5
EGCG	epigallocatechin gallate
Apo LF	apolactoferrin