| CNS | Central nervous system |
| FGF-1 | Fibroblast growth factor-1 |
| GI | Gastrointestinal |
| GSH | Reduced glutathione |
| GSSG | Oxidized glutathione |
| LCIG | Levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel |
| MDS-UPDRS | Movement disorder society-unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale |
| MRS | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| MSC | Mesenchymal stem cell |
| OFF | Medication “off” state |
| ON | Medication “on” state |
| PD | Parkinson’s disease |
| PK | Pharmacokinetics |
| PLGA | Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| UPDRS | Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale |
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