5-ASA	5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA; mesalazine)
16S rRNA	16S ribosomal RNA
ANOVA	analysis of variance
ASV	amplicon sequence variant
BSA	bovine serum albumin
CMC-Na	carboxymethyl cellulose sodium
DAB	3,3′-diaminobenzidine
DAI	disease activity index
DAPI	4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
DSS	dextran sulfate sodium
ESI	electrospray ionization
FDR	false discovery rate
FITC	fluorescein isothiocyanate
GAPDH	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GMHI	gut microbiome health index
GSDMD	gasdermin D
HMDB	Human Metabolome Database
HRP	horseradish peroxidase
IBD	inflammatory bowel disease
IL-1β	interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	interleukin-6
IL-18	interleukin-18
KEGG	Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
LDA	linear discriminant analysis
LEfSe	linear discriminant analysis effect size
MDI	microbial dysbiosis index
NEG	negative ionization mode
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
NIH	National Institutes of Health
NLRP3	NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
PCA	principal component analysis
PCoA	principal coordinate analysis
PERMANOVA	permutational multivariate analysis of variance
PLS-DA	partial least squares discriminant analysis
POS	positive ionization mode
QC	quality control
RT-qPCR	reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction
SD	standard deviation
TCM	Traditional Chinese Medicine
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
UC	ulcerative colitis
UHPLC-MS/MS	ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
VIP	variable importance in projection
UHPLC	ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography