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. 2026 Aug 24;19(9):1335. doi: 10.3390/ph19091335
GBM Glioblastoma
IDH1/2 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2
MGMT O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
TMZ Temozolomide
TPPs Pyrazolone-based hydrazone compounds
HQPh,Bn 1-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-phenylethan-1-one
h hours
IC50 Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
n.c. Not cytotoxic
n.f. Not fittable
SEM Standard Error of the Mean
IC25 Concentration that leaves 75% of cells viable (i.e., only 25% growth inhibition).
ɣ-H2AX Phosphorylated histone H2AX
DSBs Double-strand breaks
GAPDH Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
PI Propidium iodide
MFI Mean Fluorescence Intensity
ROS Reactive oxygen species
DCFDA 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
DCF 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein
H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide
ΔΨm Mitochondrial membrane potential
CCCP Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
EMEM Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium
FBS Fetal bovine serum
DMEM Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
JC1 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraehylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanineiodide