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. 2026 Sep 14;18(18):3009. doi: 10.3390/nu18183009
ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
ACC1 acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1
ADP adenosine diphosphate
AKT protein kinase B
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
ApoE apolipoprotein E
CK-MB creatine kinase myocardial band
CRP C-reactive protein
cTnI cardiac troponin I
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
ENO1 alpha-enolase
eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase
HDL high-density lipoprotein
HO-1 heme oxygenase 1
hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1
IKKβ IκB kinase beta
LC–MS liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LDL low-density lipoprotein
LKB1 liver kinase B1
LPS lipopolysaccharide
NADPH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NLRP3 NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B
NO nitric oxide
Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NQO1 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
p38 MAPK p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
PGC-1α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase
ROS reactive oxygen species
SREBP1c sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
TGF-β transforming growth factor beta
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha
VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
VLDL very-low-density lipoprotein