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. 2026 Sep 17;19(9):1483. doi: 10.3390/ph19091483
Ang1 Angiopoietin 1
Ang2 Angiopoietin 2
Ang/Tie Angiopoietin/Tie signaling pathway
ARBs Angiotensin receptor blockers
BBB Blood–brain barrier
BD Bipolar disorder
BH4/BH2 Tetrahydrobiopterin/Dihydrobiopterin
CB1 Cannabinoid receptor 1
CLDN5 Claudin-5 gene
CNS Central nervous system
CSF Cerebrospinal fluid
DAMP Damage-associated molecular pattern
DCE-MRI Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
ECF Extracellular fluid
ECM Extracellular matrix
eNOS Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
EZH2 Enhancer of zeste homolog 2
FUS Focused ultrasound
GCs Glucocorticoids
GDNF Glial-derived neurotrophic factor
GR Glucocorticoid receptor
GRE Glucocorticoid response element
GSK-3β Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
HPA axis Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
IFN-γ Interferon gamma
IL Interleukin
IL-1β Interleukin 1 beta
IL-6 Interleukin 6
iPSC Induced pluripotent stem cells
JAMs Junctional adhesion molecules
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDD Major depressive disorder
MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
MRPs Multidrug resistance-associated proteins
NAC N-acetylcysteine
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa B
NO Nitric oxide
NVU Neurovascular unit
PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
P-gp P-glycoprotein
PDGF-BB Platelet-derived growth factor BB
PDGFR-β Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta
PET Positron emission tomography
QAlb Albumin quotient
ROS Reactive oxygen species
S100B S100 calcium-binding protein B
SANRA Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles
Shh Sonic Hedgehog
TGF-β Transforming growth factor beta
Tie2 Tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 2
TJ/TJs Tight junction/Tight junctions
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
ZO-1/2/3 Zonula occludens proteins 1/2/3