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. 2026 Aug 28;18(9):1087. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18091087
SLNs Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
SHNs Solid Hybrid Nanoparticles
CyA Cyclosporine A
DPPC 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
DLS Dynamic Light Scattering
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
TGA Thermogravimetric Analysis
DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
NPs Nanoparticles
MF Microfluidics
DDSs Drug Delivery Systems
CAD Computer-Aided Design
TFRs Total Flow Rates
FRRs Flow Rate Ratios
PDI Polydispersity Index
PBS Phosphate-Buffered Saline
DI Deionised water
DF Dilution Factor
PS Pulmonary Surfactant