| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-Beta |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor Kappa-B |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| Akt | Protein kinase B |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| HIF-1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 Alpha |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| YAP | Yes-associated protein |
| AgNPs | Silver nanoparticles |
| AuNPs | Gold nanoparticles |
| ZnO NPs | Zinc oxide nanoparticles |
| CuNPs | Copper nanoparticles |
| PVA | Poly(vinyl alcohol) |
| PEG | Poly(ethylene glycol) |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscopy |
| FTIR | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| XRD | X-ray diffraction |