| BMC | bone mineral content |
| BMD | bone mineral density |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CI | confidence interval |
| ESPGHAN | European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| HOMA-IR | homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance |
| hs-CRP | high-sensitivity C-reactive protein |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| PHDI | Planetary Health Diet Index |
| PTH | parathyroid hormone |
| 25(OH)D | 25-hydroxyvitamin D |