Table 3.
Coefficients (p-values) by Estimation Method | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS Regression | IV Regression | ||||
Independent Variable | Mean Value | Beta | p-value | Beta | p-value |
Distance to nearest safety net provider (miles)a | |||||
Community Health Center (CHC) | 12.63 | 0.0001 | 0.85 | −0.002 | 0.52 |
Safety Net Hospital (SNH) | 14.51 | −0.0004 | 0.44 | −0.01 | 0.03 |
Age (years) | 31.7 | −0.02 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.00 |
Age-squared | 1,225.8 | 0.0002 | 0.00 | 0.0002 | 0.00 |
Annual family income ($10,000s) | 21.9 | 0.000001 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
Education (years) | 11.9 | 0.003 | 0.42 | 0.003 | 0.38 |
Femaleb | 0.511 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 0.00 |
Race and ethnicityb | |||||
African American | 0.163 | −0.02 | 0.30 | −0.09 | 0.002 |
Hispanic | 0.240 | −0.07 | 0.02 | −0.11 | 0.001 |
Other race | 0.050 | −0.05 | 0.27 | −0.09 | 0.03 |
Interviewed in Spanish | 0.160 | −0.11 | 0.0017 | −0.13 | 0.0004 |
Health statusb | |||||
Excellent or very good | 0.573 | −0.02 | 0.34 | −0.01 | 0.82 |
Good | 0.260 | −0.06 | 0.02 | −0.06 | 0.04 |
Family structureb | |||||
Single person w/o children | 0.372 | −0.05 | 0.04 | −0.08 | 0.00 |
Single person w/children | 0.180 | 0.03 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.86 |
Married couple, no children | 0.112 | −0.03 | 0.33 | −0.03 | 0.34 |
Community Typeb | |||||
Small metro | 0.032 | −0.07 | 0.08 | −0.03 | 0.38 |
Nonmetro | 0.111 | 0.11 | 0.0001 | 0.24 | 0.00 |
Risk Preferenceb | |||||
Strong risk taker | 0.194 | −0.03 | 0.15 | −0.02 | 0.35 |
Moderate risk taker | 0.273 | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.00 | 0.77 |
Risk preference missing | 0.060 | 0.00 | 1.00 | −0.01 | 0.69 |
Intercept | 0.74 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.00 | |
R-squared | 0.097 | 0.102 |
Straight-line distances calculated from latitude and longitudes of population centroids of 5-digit zip codes.
Dichotomous variable of uninsured persons and safety net providers.