AD	Atopic dermatitis
AhR	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
AKBA	3-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid
AUC	Area under the concentration–time curve
AUC0–24 h	Area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to 24 h
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
CD/CDs	Cyclodextrin(s)
Cmax	Maximum plasma concentration
CMCs	Critical micelle concentrations
CPE/CPEs	Chemical permeation enhancer(s)
DBMNP/DBMNPs	Dissolved bubble microneedle patch(es)
DEGEE	Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether
DMN/DMNs	Dissolving microneedle(s)
DMSO	Dimethyl sulfoxide
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DPG	Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate
E1	In vitro release, permeation, reconstructed-skin, or synthetic-membrane evidence
E2	Ex vivo animal- or human-skin evidence
E3	In vivo animal pharmacokinetic, tissue-distribution, efficacy, or safety evidence
E4	Human pharmacokinetic, dermatokinetic, tissue-deposition, or mechanistic evidence
E5	Controlled clinical evidence in humans
E6	Regulatory approval or established commercial use
EMLA	Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics
ERflux	Flux enhancement ratio
Er:YAG	Erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet
EU	European Union
EV/EVs	Extracellular vesicle(s)
FDA	U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FITC	Fluorescein isothiocyanate
FOXM1	Forkhead box M1
GAIS	Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale
G-CSF	Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
GelMA	Gelatin methacryloyl
GFP	Green fluorescent protein
HAMA	Hyaluronic acid methacrylate
HbA1c	Glycated hemoglobin A1c
HPC	Hydroxypropyl cellulose
HPMC	Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
IFN-γ	Interferon gamma
IGA	Investigator Global Assessment
IGA-CHE	Investigator Global Assessment for chronic hand eczema
IPM	Isopropyl myristate
JAK	Janus kinase
LHRH	Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
logD	Logarithm of distribution coefficient
LogP	Logarithm of partition coefficient
L-Pro2	N-acetyl-L-proline dodecyl ester
MC	Methylcellulose
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MN/MNs	Microneedle(s)
MP	Methyl paraben
mPASI	Modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index
mRNA	Messenger RNA
MRT	Mean residence time
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cell(s)
MW	Molecular weight
NaCMC	Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
NIR	Near-infrared
NMP	N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
NSAID	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
PBS	Phosphate-buffered saline
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
PEG/PEGs	Polyethylene glycol(s)
PG	Propylene glycol
PRISMA	Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PVP	Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Q24	Cumulative amount permeated at 24 h
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SC	Stratum corneum
SEMA	Semaglutide
sEV/sEVs	Small extracellular vesicle(s)
siRNA	Small interfering RNA
SLN/SLNs	Solid lipid nanoparticle(s)
SLS	Sodium lauryl sulfate
t1/2	Elimination half-life
TEWL	Transepidermal water loss
TGF-β1	Transforming growth factor beta 1
TPGS	D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate
TRV/TRVs	Tiered-release vesicle(s)