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. 2026 Sep 14;18(18):3006. doi: 10.3390/nu18183006
SANRA Domain Score (0–2) Rationale
(1) Justification of the article’s importance 2 The Introduction establishes the biological and clinical relevance of vitamin D to retinal and choroidal microvascular health and identifies a fragmented evidence base across populations, imaging protocols, ocular diseases, and therapeutic settings, supporting the need for an integrated narrative synthesis.
(2) Statement of aims 2 The aim is explicitly stated at the end of the Introduction and encompasses OCTA findings in adult and pediatric populations, vascular changes following vitamin D supplementation, the influence of VDD and its correction on anti-VEGF treatment response, and retinal vascular occlusive diseases.
(3) Description of the literature search 2 The Methods describe the primary structured PubMed search and supplementary targeted searches in Scopus and ScienceDirect, including the search period, principal search concepts, eligibility criteria, screening process, data extraction, and synthesis approach. The database-specific search approach and principal search terms are provided in Appendix A.
(4) Referencing 2 Relevant statements concerning biological mechanisms, imaging findings, supplementation, anti-VEGF therapy, and retinal vascular occlusive diseases are supported by appropriate references, with primary clinical studies cited when their findings are discussed and compared.
(5) Scientific reasoning 2 The review critically evaluates inconsistent findings, methodological heterogeneity, potential confounding, study-design limitations, and alternative interpretations. Associations are distinguished from causality, and therapeutic implications are interpreted cautiously according to the strength and limitations of the available evidence.
(6) Appropriate presentation of data 2 Study characteristics and relevant outcomes are presented in thematic tables, including study populations, vitamin D concentrations, age, investigated retinal or choroidal parameters, principal findings, and interpretative aspects. Standardized terminology and abbreviations facilitate comparison across studies.