Table 1.
Characteristics of Male Patients Aged 65 and Older Treated for AMI in VHA Facilities and in Non-VHA Facilities under Medicare, FY 1997–1999
| Unmatched Patients | Matched Patients | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VHA (N=13,129) | Medicare (N=384,470) | P | VHA (N=12,985) | Medicare (N=12,985) | P | |
| Age (Mean) | 73.9 | 75.9 | <0.001 | 73.9 | 74.0 | 0.67 |
| Race: | <0.001 | 0.007 | ||||
| White (%) | 79.6 | 91.9 | 80.2 | 81.3 | ||
| African American (%) | 11.8 | 5.3 | 11.9 | 10.9 | ||
| Hispanic (%) | 5.3 | 0.9 | 4.5 | 4.1 | ||
| Missing/other (%) | 3.4 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 3.7 | ||
| Percent with college degree in zip code of residencea | 19.6 | 22.7 | <0.001 | 19.7 | 19.7 | 0.93 |
| Median household income in zip code of residencea (dollars) | 32,594 | 38,174 | <0.001 | 32,823 | 32,440 | 0.03 |
| Percent professionals in zip code of residencea | 20.3 | 22.9 | <0.001 | 20.5 | 20.3 | 0.26 |
| Percent African American in zip code of residencea | 13.0 | 8.5 | <0.001 | 13.1 | 11.7 | <0.001 |
| Percent Hispanic in zip code of residencea | 5.3 | 4.9 | <0.001 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 0.007 |
| Percent with public assistance in zip code of residencea | 9.4 | 7.8 | <0.001 | 9.5 | 9.3 | 0.02 |
| Percent >64 with public assistance in zip code of residencea | 10.5 | 9.1 | <0.001 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 0.79 |
| Missing census data (%) | 7.9 | 5.8 | <0.001 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 0.90 |
| Prior MIb (%) | 12.0 | 12.9 | 0.003 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 0.97 |
| Chronic anginab (%) | 7.4 | 5.9 | <0.001 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 0.98 |
| Unstable anginab (%) | 8.1 | 6.7 | <0.001 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 0.91 |
| Arrhythmiab (%) | 10.2 | 10.0 | 0.57 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 0.51 |
| Cardiac arrestb (%) | 1.3 | 1.9 | <0.001 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.63 |
| Arthritisb (%) | 11.0 | 9.0 | <0.001 | 11.0 | 11.3 | 0.39 |
| Cancerb (%) | 6.9 | 5.4 | <0.001 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 0.86 |
| CHFb (%) | 15.6 | 13.5 | <0.001 | 15.6 | 15.0 | 0.24 |
| Coagulation disorderb (%) | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.06 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.14 |
| Conduction abnormalityb (%) | 2.5 | 3.1 | <0.001 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 0.23 |
| Conduction disorderb (%) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.23 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.65 |
| COPDb (%) | 32.5 | 27.5 | <0.001 | 32.5 | 33.3 | 0.22 |
| Connective tissue diseaseb (%) | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.003 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.92 |
| CVAb (%) | 4.8 | 3.0 | <0.001 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 0.26 |
| Dementiab (%) | 6.5 | 5.4 | <0.001 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 0.26 |
| Diabetesb (%) | 33.1 | 23.6 | <0.001 | 32.9 | 33.3 | 0.45 |
| Diabetes w/ end organ damageb (%) | 7.8 | 4.9 | <0.001 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 0.48 |
| Alcohol/drug abuseb (%) | 4.5 | 2.5 | <0.001 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 0.98 |
| Thyroid diseaseb (%) | 5.4 | 4.8 | <0.001 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 0.57 |
| Fluid disorderb (%) | 4.5 | 4.7 | 0.27 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 0.81 |
| GI bleedingb (%) | 2.1 | 1.2 | <0.001 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 0.47 |
| Hypertensionb (%) | 60.0 | 47.2 | <0.001 | 59.7 | 59.4 | 0.66 |
| Hypertension w/ complicationsb (%) | 2.7 | 4.9 | <0.001 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 0.97 |
| Liver diseaseb (%) | 0.6 | 0.4 | <0.001 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.00 |
| Neurological disorderb (%) | 2.8 | 4.3 | <0.001 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 0.19 |
| Paralysisb (%) | 0.4 | 0.2 | <0.001 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.04 |
| Pneumoniab (%) | 5.4 | 4.3 | <0.001 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 0.41 |
| Psychosisb (%) | 3.7 | 1.7 | <0.001 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 0.74 |
| Neurotic disorderb (%) | 2.0 | 0.9 | <0.001 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.001 |
| Lung diseaseb (%) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.86 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.94 |
| Renal failureb (%) | 5.6 | 4.1 | <0.001 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 0.85 |
| Hypotensionb (%) | 3.9 | 4.1 | 0.43 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 0.48 |
| Syncopeb (%) | 1.9 | 1.5 | <0.001 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 0.79 |
| Ulcersb (%) | 2.1 | 0.9 | <0.001 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 0.37 |
| UTIb (%) | 4.7 | 2.8 | <0.001 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 0.88 |
| Endocarditisb (%) | 3.4 | 4.7 | <0.001 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 0.43 |
| PVDb (%) | 13.2 | 11.2 | <0.001 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 0.80 |
P-values are based on the Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables and T-test for continuous variables.
a
Obtained from 1990 U.S. Census by linking to the zip code of the patient's residence.
b
Obtained from primary and secondary diagnoses from inpatient claims.