Table 1.
Adjusted Relationship between Competition Level, Ownership, and Costs per Discharge for Case Payment and Cost-Based Diagnoses
| Costs per Discharge | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | CS | VD | Prostat | Thyroid | Cholelithiasis | Asthma |
| Competition level | ||||||
| High (HHI<0.1) | ||||||
| Low (HHI≥0.1) (no=0) | −873c | −192c | −1,184c | −2,327c | −4,151c | −1,050c |
| Hospital ownership | ||||||
| Public (no=0) | 1,513c | 726c | 1,149b | 4,041c | 5,319c | 6,442c |
| NFP (no=0) | 367c | 235c | 1,137c | 2,189c | 5,073c | 1,942b |
| FP | ||||||
| Hospital level | ||||||
| Medical center (no=0) | 2,317c | 1,105c | 72 | 4,580c | 30,467c | 17,253c |
| Regional hospital (no=0) | 1,420c | 724c | 871a | 3,606c | 19,685c | 8,492c |
| District hospital | ||||||
| Clinic (no=0) | −2,836c | −762c | ||||
| Hospital location | ||||||
| Northern | ||||||
| Central (no=0) | 467c | −494c | −45 | 377 | −258 | −1,688b |
| Southern (no=0) | 371c | −263c | 1,229c | 434 | 848 | −2,591c |
| Eastern (no=0) | −1,049c | −124b | 6,748c | 7,580c | 2,845 | −2,127 |
| Patient's gender | ||||||
| Male (no=0) | 420 | 1,652a | −793 | |||
| Female | ||||||
| Patient's age | 12a | 15c | 102c | 12a | 293c | 258c |
| Clinic beds | 0.21a | 0.21c | ||||
| Percent crossover patients | −270 | −278c | 4,772c | −6,152c | −6,798 | 6,224b |
| Number of comorbidities | ||||||
| 0 | ||||||
| 1 (no=0) | 317c | 201c | 1,852c | 3,042c | 940 | −21 |
| 2 (no=0) | 1,054c | 705c | 3,973c | 5,696c | 3,928c | 1,313 |
| 3+(no=0) | 3,396c | 2,176c | 11,264c | 10,015c | 20,348c | 14,260c |
| Constant | 27,140 | 12,051c | 29,050 | 24,640 | 3,992 | −2,953 |
| N | 90,322 | 157,956 | 12,565 | 9,068 | 25,633 | 30,307 |
| R-square | 0.1411 | 0.1754 | 0.0957 | 0.2081 | 0.0830 | 0.0848 |
HHI=Herfindal-Hirschman index; CS=cesarean section; VD=vaginal delivery; Prostat=Prostatectomy; Thyroid=Thyroidectomy.