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. 2026 Sep 13;18(18):2231. doi: 10.3390/polym18182231
ATR Attenuated Total Reflectance
BHI Brain Heart Infusion
CAPE Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester
CFU Colony-Forming Unit
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
DMEM Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium
DMSO Dimethyl Sulfoxide
DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
EEP Ethanolic Extract of Propolis
FBS Fetal Bovine Serum
FTIR-ATR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy–Attenuated Total Reflectance
H&E Hematoxylin and Eosin
ISO International Organization for Standardization
LC50 Median Lethal Concentration
MIC Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
NF-κB Nuclear Factor Kappa B
NIH-3T3 Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cell Line NIH-3T3
PBS Phosphate-Buffered Saline
QE Quercetin Equivalents
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy
SD Standard Deviation
TGA Thermogravimetric Analysis
UV Ultraviolet
UV-Vis Ultraviolet–Visible Spectrophotometry
w/w Weight per Weight