Skip to main content
. 2026 Sep 19;15(18):2871. doi: 10.3390/plants15182871
HD hydrodistillation without pretreatment (no-pretreatment control)
HDW–RE hydrodistillation with reflux extraction pretreatment in water (no-enzyme control)
HDW–REP hydrodistillation with reflux extraction pretreatment assisted by pectinase enzymes in purified water
HDW–REC hydrodistillation with reflux extraction pretreatment assisted by cellulase enzymes in purified water
HDW–REX hydrodistillation with reflux extraction pretreatment assisted by xylanase enzymes in purified water
HDW–REPCX hydrodistillation with reflux extraction pretreatment assisted by pectinase/cellulase/xylanase enzymes in purified water
HDB–RE hydrodistillation with reflux extraction pretreatment in citrate buffer (no-enzyme control)
HDB–REP hydrodistillation with reflux extraction pretreatment assisted by pectinase enzymes in citrate buffer
HDB–REC hydrodistillation with reflux extraction pretreatment assisted by cellulase enzymes in citrate buffer
HDB–REX hydrodistillation with reflux extraction pretreatment assisted by xylanase enzymes in citrate buffer
K-3-R kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside
Q-3-Glc quercetin-3-O-glucoside
K-3-Glc kaempferol-3-O-glucoside