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. 2026 Sep 8;18(18):2185. doi: 10.3390/polym18182185
CE Circular economy
PE Polyethylene
PP Polypropylene
PET Polyethylene terephthalate
PPWR Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation
HDPE High-density polyethylene
LDPE Low-density polyethylene
GHE Greenhouse gas emission
ATR-FTIR Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared
SEM Scanning electron microscopy
WVTR Water vapor transmission rate
LCA Life cycle assessment
TGA Thermogravimetric analysis
DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
Tg Glass transition temperature
Tm Melting temperature
UTS Ultimate tensile strength
E Young’s Modulus
H Enthalpy
T1 First maximum degradation temperature in TGA
T2 Second maximum degradation temperature in TGA