Table 4.
OLS Models Investigating Factors Affecting Medicare Expenditures for ALF Residents during a 6-Month Period, 1998–1999
| Type of Claim | Acute/Postacute (log) N=14,254; n=119; R2=.40 Parameter (SE) | Outpatient (log) N=53,518; n=439; R2=.15 Parameter (SE) |
|---|---|---|
| Individual characteristics | ||
| Age 0–79 years | −0.23 (0.28) | −0.03 (0.17) |
| Female | −0.15 (0.30) | 0.01 (0.15) |
| Cognition | ||
| None or mild | −1.75 (0.51)*** | 1.01 (0.53) |
| Moderate | −1.08 (0.49)* | 0.86 (0.49) |
| Severe | — | — |
| Marital | ||
| Married | −0.04 (0.32) | 0.19 (0.28) |
| Divorced/separated | 0.44 (0.33) | 0.01 (0.19) |
| Widowed | −0.42 (0.37) | 0.63 (0.43) |
| Single | — | — |
| No ADL help needed | −0.07 (0.32) | −0.78 (0.29)** |
| Urinary incontinence >2 times in last week | −0.11 (0.29) | 0.04 (0.23) |
| Length of stay | ||
| 0–6 month | −0.25 (0.28) | 0.31 (0.24) |
| 6 months–1 year | 0.98 (0.30)** | 0.36 (0.29) |
| >1 year | — | — |
| Utilization history based on survey data | ||
| Hospital stay in last 12 months | 0.38 (0.25) | 0.29 (0.19) |
| ER visit in last 12 months | −0.22 (0.22) | −0.02 (0.23) |
| ALF characteristics | ||
| For-profit ownership | 0.07 (0.29) | 0.20 (0.16) |
| Size (# of beds) | ||
| 11–25 | −0.98 (0.32)** | −0.69 (0.27)* |
| 26–50 | −0.48 (0.30) | −0.20 (0.27) |
| 51–100 | −0.68 (0.31)* | −0.30 (0.25) |
| >100 | — | — |
| Occupancy 0–91.7% | −0.52 (0.22)* | −0.06 (0.15) |
| Multilevel campus | −0.07 (0.28) | 0.05 (0.23) |
| Low service | −0.37 (0.27) | −0.09 (0.22) |
| Low privacy | 0.11 (0.23) | −0.41 (0.23) |
| Price <$1,695 per month | −0.01 (0.22) | −0.06 (0.16) |
| Metropolitan location | 0.39 (0.41) | 0.41 (0.27) |
*
p-value <.05;
**
p-value <.01;
***
p-value <.001.
ALF, assisted living facility; ADL, activity of daily living; OLS, ordinary least squares regression; N, population estimate; n, sample size.