Table 3.

Factors Associated with Emergency Department Visits

	0 versus 1+ ED Visits				0–2 versus 3+ ED Visits
	Children (Age 0–14)		Youth/Adults (Age 15+)		Children (Age 0–14)		Youth/Adults (Age 15+)
	Adj OR	99% CI	Adj OR	99% CI	Adj OR	99% CI	Adj OR	99% CI
Gender
Female (ref)	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
Male	1.20	1.15–1.24	1.40	1.37–1.44	1.16	1.07–1.26	1.61	1.52–1.70
Income
Q1, poorest (ref)	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
Q2	0.80	0.75–0.85	0.67	0.64–0.69	0.77	0.68–0.86	0.56	0.52–0.61
Q3	0.69	0.65–0.73	0.57	0.55–0.59	0.59	0.53–0.67	0.44	0.41–0.48
Q4	0.57	0.53–0.60	0.45	0.44–0.47	0.45	0.39–0.50	0.31	0.28–0.34
Q5, wealthiest	0.53	0.50–0.56	0.41	0.40–0.43	0.39	0.34–0.44	0.27	0.24–0.30
Mobility
Did not move (ref)	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
Moved	1.33	1.27–1.40	1.56	1.51–1.61	1.55	1.42–1.69	2.06	1.93–2.19
Utilization (visits)
1–3	1.02	0.97–1.08	1.17	1.13–1.22	0.99	0.84–1.17	1.56	1.42–1.72
4–12 (ref)	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
13+	1.50	1.42–1.57	1.53	1.49–1.58	1.95	1.79–2.13	1.93	1.81–2.06
Marital status
Not married (ref)	–	–	1.00	–	–	–	1.00	–
Married	–	–	0.78	0.76–0.81	–	–	0.63	0.59–0.67
Health status (ADGs)
ADG 0–1, healthiest (ref)	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
ADG 2–3	2.07	1.94–2.21	2.01	1.92–2.10	2.72	2.15–3.44	2.81	2.39–3.31
ADG 4+, sickest	4.61	4.30–4.95	4.68	4.47–4.90	9.94	7.86–12.58	12.01	10.27–14.05
COC 75%
Low (ref)	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
High	0.91	0.88–0.95	0.94	0.92–0.97	0.85	0.78–0.92	0.85	0.80–0.90
COC 50%*
Low (ref)	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
High	0.91	0.87–0.94	0.90	0.87–0.92	0.86	0.79–0.94	0.78	0.73–0.83

COC, continuity of care using either a 75% or 50% majority-of-care definition; CI, confidence interval; ADG, ambulatory diagnostic groups; OR, odds ratio.

^*ORs derived from a separate analysis.

Age was included as an additional variable in all analyses; as the age categories differed, results are not shown here.