Table 1.
Patient Characteristics, by Total Sample; Transfer Destination; and Relative Proximity to Level I Trauma Center
| Variable | All Patients (n=542) | Transferred to Level I Centers (n=272) | Transferred to Level II Centers (n=270) | Differential Distance <39.4 Miles (n=265) | Differential Distance≥39.4 Miles (n=277) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 28.5 (20.3) | 29.8 (19.8) | 27.1 (20.8) | 28.6 (20.4) | 28.4 (20.2) |
| Female (%) | 29.5 | 26.8 | 32.2 | 28.3 | 30.7 |
| Transferred within Oregon (versus Washington) (%) | 57.8 | 39.7 | 75.9 | 44.5 | 70.4 |
| ISS | 19.8 (11.4) | 21.4 (11.7) | 18.3 (10.7) | 19.6 (11.1) | 20.2 (11.5) |
| History of comorbid condition(s) (%) | 12.9 | 13.6 | 12.2 | 14.7 | 11.2 |
| AVPU score | |||||
| Patient alert (AVPU=A) (%) | 49.4 | 48.1 | 50.8 | 48.3 | 50.5 |
| Patient responds to vocal stimuli (AVPU=V) (%) | 10.2 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 10.2 | 10.1 |
| Patient responds to painful stimuli (AVPU=P) (%) | 9.4 | 8.1 | 10.7 | 8.3 | 10.5 |
| Patient unresponsive (AVPU=U) (%) | 31.0 | 35.7 | 26.3 | 33.2 | 28.9 |
| Patient hypotensive at initial ED presentation | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 6.5 |
| Patient transferred to level I center (%) | 50.2 | — | — | 80.4 | 21.3 |
| Distance to nearest level I center | 154.9 (79.5) | 115.0 (41.8) | 195.1 (87.8) | 103.9 (28.3) | 203.8 (82.0) |
| Differential distance between transferring center and nearest level I and level II centers | 67.5 (84.0) | 17.5 (56.9) | 117.8 (76.7) | 3.7 (38.8) | 128.5 (69.1) |
| 30-day mortality (%) | 14.4 | 15.4 | 13.3 | 12.8 | 15.9 |
Note: Number in parentheses indicates standard deviation.
ED, emergency department; ISS, Injury Severity Scale.